Everything you have to know about cat diet and food 

Finding the best nutrition for your feline companion is not as simple as it seems. With so many choices and types of food available, navigating the market can be overwhelming. However, a poor cat diet can lead to numerous health issues over time. 

As a pet owner, it’s essential to know what cats should eat to make informed decisions about their diet. To help you, we have gathered the essential elements to consider when choosing the healthiest diet for cats, including the pros and cons of each option. Please note that the information in this article consists of general advice and may not apply to every individual, as every cat is unique. For personalized recommendations tailored to your pet's specific needs, we recommend consulting your veterinarian. 

Key takeaways 

• Cats are carnivores. They need animal protein to grow and maintain their vital functions.  
• Limit carbohydrates and plant-based proteins, as a cat’s digestive system is not designed to process large quantities of these. 
• Hydration is vital and helps reduce urinary and kidney problems. Their diet can help them stay hydrated naturally. 
• No diet is perfect; each type has its pros and cons. The best choice is the one that suits your cat’s health, your lifestyle, and your budget.  
• An average indoor cat needs 180 to 250 calories a day to maintain its weight. Treats should never account for more than 10-15% of this total intake. 
• Every cat is unique, so adapt to your cat’s needs and regularly monitor its weight and energy levels. 

What Should Cats Eat? 

From a biological standpoint, your cat is a carnivore. This means that it naturally requires a diet rich in animal protein. Unlike dogs, cats have a much harder time digesting plant-based proteins, largely because they lack the enzymes needed to absorb these types of nutrients.  

To be in optimal health, your cat’s diet must include the following elements:  

• Complete animal-based proteins 
• Essential amino acids such as taurine and arginine  
• Vitamins and minerals  
• Essential fatty acids to provide all the necessary energy and a healthy coat  

Generally, reputable cat food brands follow the guidelines set by the AAFCO to ensure that the recipe is tailored to your cat’s nutritional needs. However, not all ingredients are created equally, and even if the different recipes meet the required standards, there can be significant differences in quality between them. Let’s explore these nutritional components in more detail to help you choose the best option for your feline companion. 

Nutritional requirements for cats 

To choose the healthiest diet for cats, it is essential to understand the specific components that make up their nutrition. Every nutrient plays a precise role in your cat's development and long-term health. To help clarify, we will explain the function of each main nutrient, empowering you to more easily identify high-quality cat food for your companion. 

Protein 

Your cat is a feline and, by nature, a carnivore. One wouldn’t imagine a lion or a tiger eating a salad! This makes protein an essential pillar of your cat's health. However, to choose the most suitable cat food, it is crucial to distinguish between animal proteins and plant proteins. 

Biologically, your cat is designed to assimilate animal-based proteins. Unlike humans or even dogs, a cat's body struggles to digest and utilize plant-based proteins. This is largely because they lack certain metabolic pathways necessary to fully process these sources. Therefore, the first ingredient in your cat food must be of animal origin. 

There is another important nuance to consider when determining if a diet is truly healthy: complete vs. incomplete proteins. A complete protein contains all ten essential amino acids your cat needs to thrive, while an incomplete protein lacks one or more of these vital elements. 

Because complete proteins are perfectly adapted to your cat's biology, they are easily digested without placing unnecessary strain on organs like the kidneys or pancreas. Animal tissues (such as muscle and organ meats) are generally complete proteins, whereas plant sources (corn, wheat, soy, etc.) are often incomplete. This is why many owners are now turning toward raw cat food to provide wholesome ingredients and high-quality animal proteins. 

Taurine 

Taurine is one of the ten essential amino acids critical to your cat's overall health. It plays an indispensable role in several vital functions: 

• Heart health and strengthening the cardiac muscle. 
• Vision and retinal health. 
• The proper functioning of the nervous system. 
• Reproductive health. 
• General protection of the body through its antioxidant effects. 

A cat’s body does not produce this element naturally. It can only obtain it through its diet, specifically from whole animal proteins found in muscles, tissues, and organs. By providing a healthy diet rooted in animal-based proteins, you ensure a significantly lower risk of taurine deficiency, which can lead to severe health consequences, such as dilated cardiomyopathy or retinal degeneration.  

Carbohydrates 

Carbohydrates are not essential for the healthy functioning of a cat’s organism. Their metabolism is naturally adapted to convert proteins and fats into energy instead. Consequently, excessive intake of carbohydrates can lead to unhealthy weight gain, though a controlled amount can aid digestion by providing supplemental fiber. 

Ideally, carbohydrates should represent only about 10% of the total calories in a feline diet. However, labeling regulations differ from those for human food, and it is quite rare to find the carbohydrate percentage listed on the packaging. This is why it is vital to ensure that grains or starches, the primary sources of carbohydrates, never replace high-quality animal protein as the main nutritional component. 

Fatty acids  

While fats are often misunderstood, essential fatty acids are an indispensable energy source for your pet. They play a major role in nutrient absorption and maintaining a healthy skin barrier. Omega-3 and Omega-6, primarily found in animal fats and fish oils, are the secret to a shiny coat and supple skin. 

The key is to ensure the diet remains well-balanced and not overly caloric. Monitoring fat intake is essential for effective weight management, which helps your cat stay active and healthy in the long term. 

Minerals and other elements 

Vitamins and minerals also contribute significantly to your cat's overall health. They specifically improve bone and tooth strength, support clear vision, strengthen the immune system, and protect cells against aging. 

Due to the natural manufacturing process of pet food, it is practically impossible to reach optimal nutritional levels through base ingredients alone. Therefore, manufacturers typically include specific supplements to meet AAFCO standards. These additions ensure your cat receives exactly what their metabolism requires, effectively preventing both nutritional deficiencies and the risks of over-supplementation. 

Specific needs of your cat  

Beyond the essential nutrients your cat requires, it is important to take their specific needs into account. Every cat is different, with unique requirements and nutritional intakes to consider. For instance, a more active cat might require a higher protein intake than a less active one. Here is some additional advice to help you better select the type of food you should provide for your feline companion. 

How old is your cat? 

Your pet's age will be one of the primary factors influencing your nutritional choice. From 3 to 12 months, your kitten is in a period of rapid growth. To develop under the best possible conditions, they generally require more caloric food, rich in minerals and proteins. To support these needs, AAFCO indicates that the minimum protein threshold for kitten food must be 30%, whereas it is 26% for adult cats. For this reason, we recommend choosing formulas specifically designed for their early development. 

Once growth is complete and until the age of 7, your cat's requirements will stabilize. During this period, the role of their diet is to support energy needs without being overly caloric or high in carbohydrates, helping to avoid the risk of excess weight. Obesity in cats can lead to significant health issues, making it vital to adapt their intake accordingly. 

From age 7 onward, a cat enters what is known as the senior phase. Their bodies begin to function differently and become more fragile. It is then recommended to transition to a specialized senior cat food, which is specifically enriched with antioxidants to combat cellular aging and features adjusted mineral levels to protect both joints and kidney function. 

Its lifestyle 

Beyond age, your cat's lifestyle is a key factor to consider when choosing their nutrition. Much like humans, if they spend a lot of energy outdoors, they will require more nutrients to support their activity levels than an indoor cat would. 

As you have gathered, protein is essential for all cats. However, for a very active cat, a high-protein diet is even more relevant than for an indoor cat, even if it remains a priority for both. The real difference often lies in the quantity of food you provide. Keep in mind that the feeding guidelines on packaging are generic indicators; you can and should adapt them based on your individual pet's needs. 

Conversely, for an indoor cat, you must be vigilant in ensuring their food is not too high in calories or carbohydrates. This is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing unnecessary weight gain, as sedentary cats are more prone to obesity-related issues.  

Health needs 

Finally, your cat's health status is a major criterion that can influence your nutritional choices. Some felines exhibit digestive sensitivities or food allergies that require alternative protein sources or specialized recipes. 

There are formulas specifically designed for targeted needs, such as hairball management, kidney function support, or promoting good dental health. If your cat has been spayed or neutered, their metabolism shifts, making them more prone to weight gain, which often justifies a transition to a lighter diet. Whatever the need, it is always recommended to consult your veterinarian to ensure that the chosen recipe perfectly aligns with your pet's medical requirements. 

Different types of cat food 

Now that you know more about the essential elements of feline nutrition and the criteria for tailoring their diet, we will explore the various types and formats of food available. Each option comes with its own set of advantages and drawbacks, and the "perfect" food simply does not exist. Remember that it is vital to adapt to your individual pet's needs, and do not hesitate to consult your veterinarian for more personalized advice. 

Dry food 

Dry cat food remains the most common option. It is particularly valued for its more attractive price point and its simplicity in terms of storage compared to other formats. Kibble can generally be left out for "free feeding" since it does not dry out or spoil quickly when exposed to the air. 

However, dry foods are often higher in carbohydrates and grains than other types of food, which can sometimes make them harder to digest and may not fully support your cat's biological needs. It is crucial to verify the quality of the ingredients used in the manufacturing process to ensure you are providing a well-adapted diet. 

Additionally, cats naturally tend to stay hydrated through the moisture in the food they eat. Since kibble is very low in moisture, your cat must drink from their water bowl more frequently. Monitoring their water intake is vital, as dehydration can lead to urinary issues. Beyond being more hygienic, using clumping litter can help you monitor whether your cat is staying sufficiently hydrated by observing their habits. 

Finally, be sure to store your kibble in a cool, dry place and keep the bag tightly sealed to limit the growth of mold or bacteria. Never exceed the expiration date indicated on the packaging. 

Wet food 

Another common option, wet cat food offers numerous benefits for your pet's diet. Its primary strength lies in its high water content—containing approximately 70% to 80% moisture—which promotes natural hydration. This helps prevent urinary or kidney issues, which are quite common in felines. Additionally, thanks to its intense aromas and texture, it is often more appealing to picky eaters or senior cats. 

Another advantage is that wet food is often higher in animal protein and lower in carbohydrates than kibble. In fact, wet food more closely mimics a cat's natural carnivorous diet. It can also be a valuable aid in weight management, as its high protein volume and moderate calorie count help satisfy your companion more quickly. Of course, this always depends on the specific recipes you choose. 

However, this type of food is more expensive than kibble and has a shorter shelf life. Once opened, it can be stored in the refrigerator for about 24 hours, and we advise against leaving it at room temperature. If your cat does not finish their portion, the food may spoil or become rancid, making it much less appetizing for them. 

Dry food vs wet food 

Whether you choose dry cat food or wet cat food, the most important step is to verify that they meet the nutritional thresholds established by AAFCO. If that's the case, rest assured that the food you choose will provide all the nutrients your cat needs for overall health. There is no single perfect solution: the best choice is the one that aligns with your pet's preferences and health, your lifestyle, and your budget. 

Each format has its own distinct strengths. Kibble offers unmatched convenience and supports dental hygiene, while wet food promotes natural hydration and a more natural diet. For many pet owners, the ideal compromise lies in mixed feeding by offering both kibble and wet food. Ultimately, the priority is to listen to your companion's specific needs and observe their daily well-being to adjust their diet accordingly. 

Raw food 

As we’ve mentioned several times in this article, your cat is a carnivore. This means it is naturally adapted to eat animal protein. As a result, many owners turn to raw cat food, which aims to replicate the natural diet of wild cats. This diet consists mainly of lean meat, organ meats, and meaty bones. One of its main benefits lies in the high bioavailability of nutrients; since the ingredients are not cooked, essential vitamins and amino acids, such as taurine, remain intact. Owners who have switched to this type of diet often report improved coat quality, better digestion, and better overall health in their pets. 

 However, switching to a raw diet for your cat requires a great deal of discipline. Unlike dry food, this type of diet demands strict adherence to the cold chain and impeccable hygiene to prevent any risk of bacterial contamination. It is also essential to ensure that the recipes are perfectly balanced to avoid long-term nutritional deficiencies. For those who wish to provide the benefits of this diet while minimizing preparation difficulties, there are now frozen, industrially prepared, and pre-balanced formulas available that guarantee both safety and nutritional completeness. 

High-protein dry food 

If you are looking to combine the convenience of kibble with a healthier diet that closely mimics your feline's natural requirements, high-protein dry cat food represents an excellent alternative. Unlike standard formulas that may contain a significant amount of carbohydrates and fillers such as grains, high-protein recipes prioritize a high density of animal-based protein. 

However, transitioning to a diet rich in animal protein requires careful attention to the quality of the sources used. It is essential to verify that the first ingredients on the label are named proteins (such as chicken, salmon, or turkey) rather than generic by-products. As with any dry food, remember that hydration remains vital. If your cat suffers from health issues, particularly kidney problems, it is best to consult your veterinarian before transitioning to this type of diet. 

Dehydrated food 

A new alternative that is gaining popularity is dehydrated cat food. This type of food combines excellent nutritional value with ease of use in daily feeding. It stands out for its high digestibility and convenient storage at room temperature. It is ideal for pet owners looking for an alternative to traditional options while still offering portions that are easy to measure. 

One of its main strengths is its versatility. It can be served as is or rehydrated with a little water. Once rehydrated, it helps increase your cat's water intake during their meal, much like wet food would. However, this type of food is more expensive than dry food. 

Freeze-dried food 

One of the common issues with traditional options, such as dry kibble or wet food, is that the ingredients are heated during the manufacturing process, which can compromise the quality and quantity of the nutrients they contain. To provide all the necessary nutrients, manufacturers must add food supplements to compensate for this natural loss. This is where freeze-dried cat food stands out, as the low-temperature manufacturing process preserves the full integrity of heat-sensitive proteins, enzymes, and vitamins. 

This is a premium option that offers a highly natural diet with excellent nutritional value. Cats generally enjoy the texture of this type of food, which is very similar to that of fresh meat and is usually very flavorful. However, high production costs are reflected in the price, and just as with raw food, you’ll need to be vigilant to ensure optimal food safety. 

Homemade meals 

If you want complete control over the quality and nutritional value of your pet’s meals, making everything yourself is the ideal solution. Choosing homemade cat food recipes gives you complete control over the source and quality of every ingredient. However, you must ensure that your recipes provide all the necessary nutrients—including vitamins, minerals, and taurine—to prevent deficiencies and serious health issues. 

Although this may seem time-consuming, switching to this approach actually only takes a few hours every 3 to 4 months, by preparing portions in advance and freezing the rest. In a way, you’ll be “batch cooking” for your cat, likely providing them with one of the best diets possible. 

How much food should you give your cat? 

To maintain their weight and health, it is vital to determine the right amount of food to give your cat. On average, an indoor adult cat needs about 180 to 250 calories per day. This represents approximately 45 to 50 calories per kilogram of body weight. For an outdoor cat, you can provide about 55 to 60 calories per kilogram. 

This portion varies depending on the type of food you offer, as well as your companion's age and physical activity. You will need to adapt based on their specific needs. To help you, refer to the nutritional chart on the food packaging or consult your veterinarian for tailored, professional advice. Regardless of the diet, monitor your cat's weight evolution to ensure they maintain a healthy size for their breed and stature. 

In terms of distribution, you can provide the daily ration in a single meal, but keep in mind that cats are naturally "nibblers." They prefer eating several small portions throughout the day. You might consider using a kibble dispenser to facilitate this type of feeding schedule. 

Cat treats 

Giving cat treats is a wonderful way to strengthen the bond with your pet or to reward them. However, they should remain with occasional indulgence. To maintain your cat's nutritional balance, the caloric intake from treats should never exceed 10% to 15% of their total daily ration. If you go beyond this limit, it is essential to proportionally reduce their main meal size to prevent weight gain. 

Today, there is a wide variety of rewards tailored to every need. Beyond purely flavorful options, you can choose dental cat treats. These are specifically designed to help reduce tartar and plaque buildup, thereby helping to maintain good oral health while still delighting your companion. They represent the perfect compromise between functionality and a tasty reward. 

Find all the food you need for your cat at Ren's Pets 

We know this article is quite long, but whether it’s dog nutrition or cat nutrition, these are complex subjects. It was important for us to cover the entire topic to help you choose the best diet for your pet. 

Keep in mind that these are general guidelines. Every cat is unique, and their needs can evolve, so it is vital to adapt to them. If you are looking for personalized advice, we recommend consulting your veterinarian. 

If you want to learn more about your companion, feel free to continue reading our various blog articles. As a specialized pet store for over 50 years, we are here to advise you on your pet's well-being. Find a wide selection of cat accessories either online or in-store and discover our full range of cat supplies to keep your pet happy every day. 

See you soon at Ren’s Pets!